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Home Science Biology

Fourteen thousand plant species have been discovered in the Amazon rainforest

This is the first time that anyone has compiled a full list.

Elena Motivans by Elena Motivans
July 25, 2019
in Biology, Environment, News

Rainforests are the most diverse places on earth and contain thousands of different species. However, we still know so little about them and the treasures that they contain. No one has been able to say how many plant species that there in the Amazon rainforest, until now. An international team of researchers from Brazil, the U.K., Columbia, and Spain have painstakingly compiled a list of 14,003 plant species that are growing in the Amazon rainforest.

Don’t be mistaken, this number is not the total number of plant species in the Amazon, only the number that have been formally identified. There are still troves of species in the Amazon waiting to be discovered. Identifying all the ones that we know is a start. And certainly, this was no easy task, as this information can be scattered across many different sources, and in different languages.

There are a lot of plants in here! Image credits: Shao.

The researchers did not go to the forests themselves but checked through countless research papers, databases, and other scientific sources. They only included species that could be verified from multiple sources. As you can imagine, hundreds of people were involved in this endeavor, not just those listed as authors on the publication. Now there is a list and count of every plant species that grows in the lowland Amazon biome. 6, 727 of the plants are trees and all the rest are vines, herbs, liana, shrubs, and small trees. This list is now a starting point from which to create conservation plans and to build upon to discover new species.

As for the undiscovered plants, people have made estimates about the total number of plant species in the Amazon and the number has ranged from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. This work suggests that the total number of plant species in the Amazons is more along the scale of tens of thousands of species. It is critical to know about the plants (and animals) that live in the rainforest, as the forests are being endangered by logging. This list is a good start.

Journal reference: Domingos Cardoso et al. Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list. PNAS 2017, doi:10.1073/pnas.1706756114

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Elena Motivans

Elena Motivans

I've always liked the way that words can sound together. Combined with my love for nature (and biology background), I'm interested in diving deep into different topics- in the natural world even the most mundane is fascinating!

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