homehome Home chatchat Notifications


Simple blood test can detect 50+ types of cancer before any symptoms even start

The coronavirus has all our attention now, but all the other problems in our society are still there.

Mihai Andrei
April 1, 2020 @ 1:45 pm

share Share

A key ally in our fight against cancer is early detection. The sooner you discover a potential tumor, the sooner you can take action, and the likelier it is that a full recovery is made.

Unfortunately, cancer can be insidious. It can brew up for years without causing clear symptoms, and diagnostic tests can be painful, expensive, and intrusive. That might change soon.

Image credits: Teresa J. Cleveland.

In a new study, researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School presented the results of a new blood test for cancer. The diagnosis was tested against 4,000 samples from patients, some of which had cancer, and some of which didn’t.

Remarkably, the test proved accurate at detecting over 50 types of cancer, including bladder, esophagus, lung, and breast cancer. The test had a 98.3% to 99.8% accuracy for positive results and a 0.7% false-positive rate — not perfect, but remarkably accurate. In the samples where cancer was detected, the test was also able to pinpoint its type of cancer in 93% of instances (in the others, it correctly identified the presence of cancer, but misrepresented the type).

The test looks for chemical markers in the bloodstream (methylation patterns in DNA). These bits of cell-free, free-floating DNA pieces are leaked from tumors into the bloodstream and can be a tell-tale indicator. The team used a machine learning algorithm (a type of artificial intelligence) to train the test to look for patterns that indicate the presence of cancer and classify it accordingly.

It’s still in its early days, and it’s unclear how the test will perform in a broader sample size — particularly one where no information is known about the patients. Researchers plan to further improve the test’s detection rate — particularly in the early stages, where detection rates were substantially lower. Detecting cancers at their earliest stages, when they are less aggressive and far more treatable, is a key objective for the test.

The fact that the test is painless and scalable is promising, but it remains to be seen whether its efficacy will be confirmed in larger trials. A blood-based multi-cancer detection test should demonstrate certain fundamental performance to be useful in a general screening population.

Now, researchers are already embarked on several clinical trials to test the validity of the new diagnosis. It will be a while before such a test will become readily available, but so far at least, things are looking promising.

The study has been published in the journal Annals of Oncology.

share Share

How Bees Use the Sun for Navigation Even on Cloudy Days

Bees see differently than humans, for them the sky is more than just blue.

Scientists Quietly Developed a 6G Chip Capable of 100 Gbps Speeds

A single photonic chip for all future wireless communication.

When Ice Gets Bent, It Sparks: A Surprising Source of Electricity in Nature’s Coldest Corners

Ice isn't as passive as it looks.

This Teen Scientist Turned a $0.50 Bar of Soap Into a Cancer-Fighting Breakthrough and Became ‘America’s Top Young Scientist’

Heman's inspiration for his invention came from his childhood in Ethiopia, where he witnessed the dangers of prolonged sun exposure.

We can still easily get AI to say all sorts of dangerous things

Jailbreaking an AI is still an easy task.

Pluto's Moons and Everything You Didn't Know You Want to Know About Them

Let's get acquainted with the lesser known but still very interesting moons of Pluto.

Japan Is Starting to Use Robots in 7-Eleven Shops to Compensate for the Massive Shortage of Workers

These robots are taking over repetitive jobs and reducing workload as Japan combats a worker crisis.

This Bizarre Martian Rock Formation Is Our Strongest Evidence Yet for Ancient Life on Mars

We can't confirm it yet, but it's as close as it gets.

A small, portable test could revolutionize how we diagnose Alzheimer's

A passive EEG scan could spot memory loss before symptoms begin to show.

Scientists Solved a Key Mystery Regarding the Evolution of Life on Earth

A new study brings scientists closer to uncovering how life began on Earth.