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Home Other How To

How to make your own spectacular bismuth crystals

Mihai Andrei by Mihai Andrei
December 30, 2015
in How To
Reading Time: 2 mins read
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Bismuth is a brittle metal with few remarkable properties – but if you’ve ever seen it crystallized, the odds are it blew your mind. But now, thanks to Youtube user NightHawkInLight, we can make our own bismuth crystals, with no special equipment, at home.

What you need:

  • bismuth (cheap, online)
  • safety goggles
  • protection gloves (preferably leather)
  • a stove
  • a pot (will be damaged)
  • a fork

Basically, aside from the bismuth, you don’t need anything special, and you can easily buy bismuth ingots online (for example on Ebay) for under $50. You can do this on a simple stove, as bismuth has a much lower melting point than other metals at 271.5 °C (​520.7 °F) – but you still don’t want to expose your skin to that.

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You just need to place the bismuth ingot in a small, stainless steel saucepan – preferably one that you don’t cherish too much, because it will be almost impossible to clean, and you don’t want to cook stuff on bismuth remains. In a few minutes, the bismuth will melt completely becoming liquid; simply turn off the fire and clean the surface with a fork. Then, as it starts to solidify, gently raise it a bit so that it doesn’t stick to the bottom.

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If the results aren’t satisfying, you can always melt again and create new crystals.

“At first, the crystals appear only silver, but a layer of oxidation quickly adds colour, the shade of which is determined by what temperature the crystals are when they first contact the air,” says NightHawk.

Image credits: NightHawkInLight (Youtube).

The video also shows how to make bismuth crystal geodes, but that’s a bit more advanced.

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Mihai Andrei

Mihai Andrei

Andrei's background is in geophysics, and he's been fascinated by it ever since he was a child. Feeling that there is a gap between scientists and the general audience, he started ZME Science -- and the results are what you see today.

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