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How an Ancient Plant Became the World’s First Birth Control and Rome's Love Potion. Then Went Extinct Because of It

This medicinal plant was so coveted, it was worth its weight in gold. But this ultimately brought its downfall.

What's a Republic, anyway? Now is a good time to learn

Republican ideals have evolved over millennia, shaping governance across the globe. Modern republics continue to adapt, but face challenges in upholding their foundational principles.

The Secret Lives of Medieval Executioners: Society’s Outcasts

Executioners upheld law and order, but their grim profession came with a heavy price.

Operation Beluga -- or how a Soviet ice breaker played music to thousands of ice-trapped whales to save them from starving

Sometimes, you just need an icebreaker and some classical music to make your day better.

The turnspit dog: The extinct breed that once powered every kitchen in the UK before modern appliances

These kitchen dogs were no ordinary pets, but served a special purpose. They ran a wheel that helped their owners cook meat.

Who was Elizabeth Báthory: the Blood Countess and Hungary's own female Dracula

The dark story of a 17th-century Hungarian countess and her torturous escapades.

Why do we carve pumpkins for Halloween? The history of a popular and ancient tradition

We love carving pumpkins... but why do we do it?

The origin of Halloween

Halloween season is upon us, and this holiday has never been more popular.

Horten Ho 229: the secret Nazi jet-engine stealth warplane that was decades ahead of its time

Luckily for the Allies, this formidable jet plane wasn't fully completed before the war ended.

Over 100 years ago, this telephone tower in Stockholm connected 5,000 telephone lines

Rare historical photos of a mind-bending telephone line hub.

A feathered foe: How Emus fought the Australian army -- and won

During the Great Emu War, Australian soldiers attempted to control the emu population but were ultimately defeated.

When was Jesus really born? It wasn't on Christmas, that's for sure

Christ was most likely born a few years Before Christ (BC). Which is definitely impressive.

The pagan origin and history of the Christmas tree

The history of a powerful Christmas symbol.

Science Santa History: The Origins of Santa Claus

Ah, Christmas is just around the corner. There’s so much going on with gifts and celebrations and meeting up with loved ones that it’s hard to keep up. Then, of course, there’s Santa Claus. The embodiment of the Christmas spirit, Santa Claus, has undergone quite the metamorphosis over the years, and much of it is […]

Did Vikings ever wear horned helmets? Not really, but here's why people think they did

How a famous opera proliferated one of the most enduring myths in popular culture.

Götz von Berlichingen: the 16th-century legendary Cyborg Knight with an iron hand

The unbelievable story of a Bavarian knight who lost a hand in battle but gained a mechanical prosthetic hand that was way ahead of its time.

What were hieroglyphs, the Egyptian words of the gods, and what did they mean?

One of the world's most famous scripts is also one of its most mysterious.

How the ancient Romans built roads to last thousands of years

There's a reason why the saying 'All roads lead to Rome' is still a thing.

Why did plague doctors wear that weird beaked costume?

The sinister uniform represents a fascinating trip into history, during a time when humans were still struggling to understand infectious diseases.

Sugarcane, slaves, empire-toppling -- the story of rum

This spirit had a very busy history.

From animal intestines to fighting HIV: the important history of the humble condom

The condom is more important and storied than most of us realize.

Who were the Inca, South America's largest ancient empire?

One of the most unique among all ancient empires.

The Chernobyl Disaster -- 35 Years Since our Worst Nuclear Tragedy

A look at what really happened at Chernobyl, what it looks like now, and what the effects of this tragedy were.

What the Roman Empire looked like at its peak in one glorious map

The scale of the Roman Empire during its heyday was unprecedented in the Ancient World.

Historic foods: The story of polenta and its journey from poor man's food to classy delicacy

A staple in some parts of the world, completely unknown in others -- polenta is truly a historic food.

A short wrap-up of the history of falafel

Falafel? I'll take two, please.

A call to defuse the biggest threat to civilization: nuclear weapons

We're all walking around with an invisible gun constantly pointed at the back of our heads.

Who really invented the light bulb -- according to experts

Spoiler: It wasn't Edison.

Why India and Pakistan keep fighting over Kashmir -- the history of the Kashmir conflict

It's one of the world's largest running conflicts. But why is it happening?

Food files: Who invented hummus?

You've heard of hummus, but have you heard of the Hummus Wars? Come, let's dip in.

What was the Indus Valley Civilization: the forgotten superpower of the ancient world

One of the most advanced civilizations on Earth at its time, the Harappans tragically never made it out of Antiquity.

Who really discovered America? (Spoiler: it's not Columbus)

Everything you learned in the history books is wrong. Christopher Columbus did not "discover" the Americas.

In Medieval times, people would pay Sin Eaters to carry their sins

Eating sins for a living is a rough job.

Chocolate files: from the early days to today's dark pleasure

Chocolate is… who am I kidding — we all know what chocolate is. It’s sweet, delicious pleasure. But chocolate, this seemingly simple product has a rich and complex history which stems for almost 4,000 years. Before it took the beloved form we know today, chocolate had medicinal and ritualistic uses. The Early Mesoamerican days The Aztecs […]

Amazing inventions lost through time

Science has progressed amazingly in recent years, but a handful of spectacular inventions have remained lost to knowledge.

Historical Misconceptions You Probably Believe

It's very easy to get tricked into believing something that's just not true - here we'll be taking a look at this type of thing.

The Book of Civilized Man: The good manners book from the 14th century

"Don't mount your horse in the hall" and "Do not attack your enemy while he is squatting to defecate." Good tips right here.

The legendary Fairy Flag passed on by Scottish clan leaders for over 1,000 years

Reality is more amazing than the myths.

The mysterious Inca practice of multiple-trepanation

We all feel like drilling a hole inside our skulls sometimes, but the Inca literally meant it.

The story of Poland's secret "Flying Universities" that gave men and women equal chance, Marie Curie among them

How Polish scholars started an underground movement in the late 1800s for their education.

The Inglorious Legacy of the 'Iron Curtain' in 20 Maps

Having their troops and secret agents infiltrated through half of Europe all the way to Germany, the Soviet Union as a matter of convenience decided to keep control of all of these regions it had "liberated" during the war. The spoils of war go the victor, and the Soviet Union took this very, very seriously.

This is the oldest song in history: a 3,400-year-old hymn

Music etched in clay tablets more than 3,400 years ago in Syria marks oldest song thus far.

Rotten Teeth, village football, and no baths: The Hard to Believe Realities of Life in Tudor England

The Tudor period started in 1485 and ended in 1603. Many people idealize Tudor England, but life in those Medieval times was rough — and oftentimes brutal. In fact, in some regards, it seems almost impossible to believe how people lived at the time. Here are just some of these strange facets of the medieval […]

Japan's North coast is riddled with ancient carved stones - tsunami warnings

“High dwellings are the peace and harmony of our descendants,” the rock slab says. “Remember the calamity of the great tsunamis. Do not build any homes below this point.” Stones with messages like this one are surprisingly common on Japan’s coast; they tell a long forgotten story, a story of danger, tragedy and tsunamis. They […]

Meet Unsinkable Sam: The Cat that Survived Three Ships Sinking in WWII

The black and white cat was originally named Oscar but then became known as Unsinkable Sam. He started his “career” in the fleet of the Nazi regime, the Kriegsmarine, and ended it in the Royal Navy. He was onboard Bismarck, the HMS Cossack, and the HMS Ark Royal, but here comes the cool part: while […]

Historical pistols: a WWII anatomy project

WWII was the largest conflict known to mankind, responsible for 50 to 80 million fatalities, involving most of the countries in the world. Historians are still fascinated by this tragic event to this day, and while we here at ZME Science are not big gun fans nor do we support technology that’s built to kill, we […]

Science Santa History: The origins of Christmas Customs

This is a series of articles about Christmas we here at ZME Science will be doing all December. Our goal is to present interesting, little-known facts about the origins and history of Christmas. Curious to read more? Here’s something about the dreaded Yule Cat or the Catalonian tradition of the pooping nativity man. Christmas – […]

Europe landscape still scarred by World War I

The impact of the first World War is felt everywhere – on a social level, an economic level, and even on the landscape (and don’t even get me started on WWII). The Smithsonian recently published  a collection of some pictures depicting this damage, which we will be sharing here. You can see the full exhibition in […]

How many people did Genghis Khan kill? So many that it was good for the environment

The genocide had major consequences for the entire planet.

The creative and (often times) dirty things Romans wrote on walls

Writing on walls is one of the oldest things humans did – people drew on walls in the stone age, and they still do so now (well, some do, anyway). But I’d dare say that no one has taken the art of writing on walls to the same level as romans – sometimes poetic, sometimes […]